What is Swollen Gums -Causes, Treatment and Prevention

What does it mean when your gums are swollen?

Ever ask yourself, ‘why are my gums swollen’ or ‘why is my gum hurting?’ If so, you should speak with your dentist immediately, as these could be signs and symptoms of underlying dental issues. Gum swelling and pain are often telltale signs of gum disease. According to research, over 42% of adults over the age of 30 have some form of gum disease, and nearly 8% have severe periodontal disease. Swollen gums are a key part of the body’s inflammatory response, which can be initiated in response to a variety of factors, such as poor oral hygiene, tooth damage, infection, and ill-fitting dental appliances.

How do swollen gums appear?

Swollen gums tend to have a characteristic appearance. They are commonly red or purple in color, enlarged and puffy, and may bleed upon light touch when brushing, flossing, or eating. Swollen gums are typically tender or painful to touch. In the presence of severe gum disease, the gums may appear to be thin and begin to expose the roots of teeth, a condition known as receding gums.

What are the common causes of swollen gums?

Now, if you’re questioning ‘what causes swollen gums?’ or ‘why are my gums swollen?’ We’ve got more answers for you. There are many possible causes of swollen gums, including:

Having something lodged in your gums, such as a popcorn kernel

Having something stuck in your teeth can be a real nuisance. Something being lodged between your teeth, such as a popcorn kernel, is typically the answer to ‘why is my gum swollen around one tooth?’ Food particles can cause swollen gums around the tooth, which tends to go away once removed after brushing and flossing.

Abscessed tooth

A dental abscess is a pimple-like oral sore that forms as a result of a bacterial infection. The tooth abscess usually causes gum swelling and tenderness, tooth pain and discoloration, bad breath, and an unpleasant taste in the mouth. A dental abscess may even result in the spread of bacteria to other parts of the body, resulting in swelling and potential breathing issues which can be life-threatening.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that is characterized by swollen gum between teeth, bleeding gums, and gums that appear red and inflamed. A main culprit of gingivitis is bacterial plaque buildup from poor oral hygiene habits.

Periodontitis

If gingivitis is not addressed in a timely manner with gum disease treatment, it can progress to a more serious form of gum disease, known as periodontitis. Inflammation and swelling are key components to severe gum disease, which can result in irreversible damage to your gums, jawbone, and teeth.

Trench mouth

Trench mouth, also known as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), is another type of severe form of gum disease. Trench mouth is the result of an overgrowth of bacteria, which causes oral inflammation, ulcers, and necrotic gum tissue (tissue death). It is commonly caused by poor oral hygiene, stress, weakened immune systems, or tobacco use.

Gingivostomatitis

Gingivostomatitis is another oral infection characterized by gum swelling. Ulcers or canker sores may also be present. Viral or bacterial infections are often the cause of gingivostomatitis, and may be linked to poor oral hygiene.

Ill-fitting dentures

Ill-fitting dentures can cause gum swelling due to the irregular pressure and friction of the appliance on the gums. The improper fit results in inflammation and can make your gums more susceptible to damage.

Orthodontic treatment

Bacterial plaque buildup during orthodontic treatment, such as braces, can lead to swollen gums. Braces can make brushing and flossing seem more challenging and lead to greater plaque accumulation. Proper oral hygiene and routine dental cleanings are necessary to prevent swollen gums with braces. It is recommended to use an electric toothbrush, antibacterial mouth rinse, and special floss threaders designed for braces to improve oral hygiene with orthodontic appliances.

Tooth decay

Tooth decay, also known as cavities, is a common cause of gum inflammation. If left untreated, tooth decay can spread to the tooth’s inner nerve, leading to pain, infection, and possible tooth loss.

Infected tooth

A tooth infection, such as a tooth abscess, can cause swollen gums and redness around the infected tooth. Infections trigger an inflammatory response as your body tries to fight off the infection. You may also experience tooth sensitivity, pain, bad breath, a bad taste in your mouth, fever, or swelling around the jaws.

Root fracture

If your tooth’s root fractures, bacteria may enter the root and cause inflammation and swelling within and around your tooth. Gum swelling and tenderness will be present around the affected tooth and the bacteria can spread to other areas within the mouth and your body.

How Do Healthcare Professionals Manage And Treat Swollen Gums?

Want to know how to cure swollen gums? Checking in with your dental professional is the first step. Your dentist will diagnose and provide treatment options to best manage swollen gums based on the underlying cause.

Antibiotics

Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help target harmful oral bacteria. Oral or topical antibiotics may be given in combination with other treatments.

Increasing the frequency of brushing and flossing your teeth

Brushing and flossing are necessary to reduce bacteria accumulation and gum swelling. Brushing and flossing after eating can help eliminate food particles and plaque to reduce gum swelling and prevent infection.

Scaling and root planing of the teeth

Scaling and root planing, also known as a deep cleaning, is often indicated for individuals with plaque and calculus buildup above and below the gumline. This treatment smooths out the root surfaces of teeth to prevent further bacterial plaque buildup and gum inflammation.

Osseous surgery

Osseous surgery, sometimes referred to as pocket reduction surgery, is a dental procedure that treats advanced gum disease (periodontitis). Osseous surgery removes diseased gum tissue and bacteria by reshaping the bone around the teeth. This promotes gum healing and a reduction in gum swelling.

LANAP

Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP) treats swollen gums using laser technology. Diseased gum tissue is removed to help reduce inflammation and gum swelling. This procedure also promotes gum and bone regeneration.

At-home treatments for swollen gums

What is the fastest way to heal swollen gums? After consulting with your dental professional, you will also need to start making improvements to your oral hygiene routine at home. Continue reading to learn how to treat swollen gums at home.

Maintain a daily routine of brushing and flossing your teeth

It is essential to have a daily oral hygiene routine including brushing and flossing. Brush at least twice a day and floss at minimum once a day to remove bacteria and food debris that promote oral disease and inflammation.

Rinse your mouth with warm saltwater several times daily

Warm saltwater rinses have been shown to provide an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory benefit. Mix half a teaspoon of salt into a cup of warm water and rinse for about 30 seconds before spitting out.

Use an ice pack on your face to minimize swelling and inflammation

Ice can be used to help reduce swelling and inflammation. Place an ice pack on the affected area for no longer than 15 minutes.

Is it possible for gum swelling to subside?

The good news is that gum swelling can subside with proper care and treatment. In most cases, proper oral hygiene habits can improve gum swelling alongside treatment from your dental professional. Regular dental checkups are needed to catch and treat gum issues early before it becomes more advanced.

What steps can I take to prevent gum swelling?

Preventing gum swelling can save you from a lot of associated health issues. Here are a few simple steps to prevent gum swelling:

Oral care

Lacking on your oral care routine can negatively impact your oral and overall health. Brush your teeth twice a day at least two minutes per session and floss at least once a day. Add an antibacterial mouthrinse daily to help further reduce gum swelling.

De-stress

Stress can take a toll on your body, even on your gums. Stress can signal inflammation throughout the body that can become harmful if it becomes chronic. There are many lifestyle changes that can help you de-stress and reduce inflammation. Try to manage your stress by practicing deep breathing exercises, exercising, meditation, improving your diet and sleep habits, and seeking support through friends, family, counselors, or therapists.

Various types of toothpaste

There are many different types of toothpastes that you can find over-the-counter, some of which are advertised to tackle different oral issues. Consider purchasing a toothpaste formulated for preventing and treating gum swelling. Look for ingredients like stannous fluoride or triclosan, which have been shown to reduce bacterial plaque and inflammation.

Great Lakes Offers Effective Treatments for Gum Swelling

Got swollen gums? Great Lakes Family Dental Group has got you covered with exceptional care and gum treatment. Our offices are convenient, comfortable, and affordable, making your dental experience pleasant for you and your entire family. Schedule an appointment today to meet with our gum specialists.